ERA - The Equal Rights Amendment

ERA - The Equal Rights Amendment Free Online Research Papers The Equal Rights Amendment began its earliest discussions in 1920. These discussions took place immediately after two-thirds of the states approved women’s suffrage. The nineteenth century was intertwined with several feminist movements such as abortion, temperance, birth control and equality. Many lobbyists and political education groups formed in these times. One such organization is the Eagle Forum, who claims to lead the pro-family movement. On the opposite side of the coin is The National Organization for Women, or NOW, which takes action to better the position of women in society. Feminism is the most powerful force for change in our time. The Equal Rights Amendment has been a powerfully debated subject for decades. Having passed the Senate with a vote of 84-8, it failed to get the requisite thirty-eight states to ratify it. Many discussions and arguments arise over the continued push for the Equal Rights Amendment. The need for change must be a consensus and achieved both nationally and at the state level. The attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment continues, but with few supports left, it appears to have lost its momentum. The supporters of the Equal Rights Amendment seem to feel sex discrimination laws are simply not enough. The federal laws and regulations contain many loopholes, are inconsistently interpreted and may be repealed outright (NOW 1). Many supporters claim the Equal Rights Amendment is needed â€Å"to clarify law for the lower courts, whose decisions still reflect confusion and inconsistency about how to deal with sex discrimination claims (Francis 2). There is a supporting theory argument that â€Å"an amendment of equality would absolutely shift the burden away from those fighting discrimination and place it where it belongs, on those that deserve it. They won’t have to justify why discrimination should be allowed, rather than women having to explain why we deserve equality† (Gaughen 13). Some supporters say that because women’s salaries still lag behind men, we need an Equal Rights Amendment more than ever (Hennessey 3). The real issue, claim some supporters, is the â€Å"right to bodily integrity, and without this basic right, women can have no true freedom† (NOW 2). Legal sex discrimination is not a thing of the past, and the progress of the last forty years is not irreversible without the protection of an amendment (Francis 1). Feminist claim that â€Å"The ERA’s most valuable effect would be the psychological victory it would provide women† (Steiner 35). Women are underpaid in the workforce, required to pay higher insurance premiums and are half as likely as men to get pensions (NOW 4). Supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment remind us of a traditional assumption, ‘Men hold rights and women must prove that they hold them† (Francis 2). Supporter claim amazement that, â€Å"Even in the twenty first century, the United States Constitution does not explicitly guarantee that all the rights it protects are held equally by all citizens† (Francis 4). Supporters of the Equal Rights Amendment believe that â€Å"unless we put into the Constitution the bedrock principle that equality of rights cannot be denied or abridged on account of sex, the political and judicial victories women have achieved with their blood, sweat and tears for the past two centuries are vulnerable† (Franc is 2). Opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment seem to feel women have everything they need. Women are still evolving from the age-old roots of childbearing, to the new necessities of selfhood, personhood, economically rewarding work and the new possibilities of choice, personal control and personal growth (Friedman 233). Opponents believe the Equal Rights Amendment would be hurtful to women, to men, to the family, to local government and to society as a whole (Schlafly 68). â€Å"Women are entering the workforce, running for political office and seeking jobs once closed to them in record numbers† which, supporter agree, make an Equal Rights Amendment unnecessary (Baldez 244). The Equal Rights Amendment will not give women more educational or employment opportunities, more pay, more promotions, employment rights or choices that they do not now have (Schlafly 118). The Equal Rights Amendment can do little more for women than they already have achieved by legislation and favorable judi cial rulings and to pursue the fight for an Equal rights Amendment in order to gain only marginal benefits involves heavy costs (Steiner 37). Many, on- the-fence opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment would gladly change their minds â€Å"if someone could to a specific slight or some issue where women have unequal rights, but changing the Constitution for the sake of making a statement is a waste of time† (Kellams 1). Opponents claim that women already enjoy every Constitutional right that men enjoy and have enjoyed equal employment opportunities since 1961 (Lopez 1). Women would not gain any new employment rights whatsoever because federal employment laws are already completely sex neutral (Schlafly 69). Decisions of the Supreme Court can now do everything an Equal Rights Amendment can do and more so, opponents argue, â€Å"It is difficult to see the need for the Equal Rights Amendments installment in the Constitution, when the United States Supreme Court has largely fulfilled the amendments chief objectives† (Baldez 245). Some women do not believe the Equal Rights Amendment is needed because women â€Å"d o not need special protecting† adding, â€Å"it is not necessary because women are now sitting in seats once occupied by men and do not believe they got there because they are women†(Hennessey 3). When address with inequality in education, politics, the law and at home, opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment argue that† women are entitled to the same rights as men, and the natural rights of civilized men and women are government, property, harmonious development of all their powers and the gratification of their desires† (Gaughen 21). Women are now judged by their abilities and the women’s liberation movement deliberately degrades the homemaker, hacks away at her self-esteem and self-worth, while stripping her of her pride and pleasure in being a female. The best cure for women is to stop listening to women libbers (Schlafly 68). Women’s rights have certainly come a long way. Maybe the most important thing that we learned over the decades is that everyone has choices. Women can freely choose to stay at home during one part of their life and are free to pursue other possibilities later, if she should so chose. Some wonder if we have a long way to go for equality, while some wonder if we have won the booby prize being treated like men. Women, as individuals, have to make decisions that are appropriate for them. Each woman’s situation, lifestyle, dreams, desires and values are different. The world and its opportunities belong, not to the militant women with her strident demands for a gender-free society, but to a positive woman who achieves a sound perspective on life, then fixes her own personal priorities (Schlafly 2). Francis, Roberta. â€Å"Why We Need The Equal Rights Amendment.† National Council of Women’s Organizations. Dec.2000. pp1-5 . Freidman, Betty. The Second Stage. New York: The Summit Books, 1981. Gaughen, Shasta. Introduction To Women’s Rights: Contemporary Issues Companion San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Hennessey, Kathleen. ‘Nevada Lawmaker Raises Equal Rights Issue.† Las Vegas Sun 22 Nov. 2006: B3. lasvegassun.com/html. Kellams, Laura.†26 Years Later, Senate to Vote on ERA Issue: Effect on Resolution Unknown.† Arkansas Democrat-Gazette 27 March 2005:D1. . Lopez, Kathryn. â€Å"ERA: Equality for Whom?† Sacramento Bee 22 June 2001: D2.. Schlafly, Phyllis. The Power of the Positive Women. New York: Arlington House Press, 1977. Steiner, Gilbert. Constitutional Inequality. Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1985. â€Å"Who Needs An Equal Rights Amendment? You Do! National Organization for Women Jan.2006. now.org/issues/economics/html. Research Papers on The Equal Rights Amendment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaDeontological Teleological TheoriesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Fifth HorsemanAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHip-Hop is ArtBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Summarize a reading related to issues of human diversity in working Assignment

Summarize a reading related to issues of human diversity in working with individuals of minority status - Assignment Example Hence, the topic is very vast, and gives extensive information regarding the importance of human diversity in organizations. As is obvious from the title of the research article, it is important to understand where we stand now in terms of human diversity, and what we are doing to promote diversity and reduce all sorts of discrimination against minorities at the workplaces. The authors have stated that previous researches focused on only one or the other type of discrimination; while, this research puts forward a more diverse model of human diversity, giving the reader a more exact idea on how we can promote the idea of human diversity in organization. The research also goes in detail of the outcomes of human diversity. Thus, the reader gets to know the importance of the topic in terms of pros and cons. Although there are no definite research questions or hypothesis that is to be tested, still we can say that the research focuses on queries, such as, what past literature is available, explaining different dimensions of diversity in organizations; and, does past literature tells the reader about the limitations and strengths of each dimension. Hence, the focus is on reviewing past literature, and providing suggestions to improve the research. 2.1. Race and ethnic diversity. The authors start with race and ethnic diversity. They state how humans judge each other on the basis of race and ethnic backgrounds. They have also cited much literature, all of which agrees that racial and ethnic discrimination against minorities results in negative effects on social integration and communication, thus, increasing organizational conflict. 2.2. Gender diversity. It is another dimension of human diversity. The authors state that gender diversity is important, but at the same time, it is important for the organizations to eliminate gender discrimination. Women are more at risk of gender discrimination at

Domestic Violence During Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Domestic Violence During Pregnancy - Essay Example Domestic Violence during Pregnancy Introduction Like many other problems that people face across the world, there must be a reason to why domestic violence happens in various homes. Domestic violence as amongst serious problem that are common in many homes, leads to the occurrence of other problems, which have negative impacts on family members, especially the mother and children (Hester, 2007). This discussion will consider the causes domestic violence, the impacts of domestic violence on both pregnant women and the unborn or newborn babies, and the prevention measures for domestic violence. Overview People have acknowledged domestic violence as among the most severe problems to the health of married women. However, pregnant women experience more impacts from domestic violence than normal women do because of a number of complications due to pregnancy. According to the Center for Disease Control, domestic violence during pregnancy refers to sexual, physical, emotional violence that p regnant women experience, especially from their husbands (Huth-Bocks, Levendosky, & Bogat, 2010). Research has shown that pregnant women have a higher likelihood of experiencing physical violence from their husbands than normal women do. Domestic violence harms women more than other problems, such as hypertension, diabetes, and other serious health complications do. It has serious effects on both infant and maternal health because injury to the breasts, genitals, and abdomen are common during pregnancy. Therefore, domestic violence is a significant factor that leads to high proportions of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Commonly, domestic violence during pregnancy can lead to fetal fractures, placental separation, prenatal hemorrhage, preterm labor, and rupture of the uterine walls. Domestic violence can indirectly affect the health of the pregnant mother and her unborn baby negatively because the mother can eat well as well or seek antenatal care (Estrellado, 2010). Nursing care considerations related to domestic violence assessment Domestic violence during pregnancy has become a severe problem, which affects both social and public health. Therefore, advanced practice physicians and nurses who help in providing the prenatal care play a vital role in identifying, diagnosing, and treatment for pregnant mothers facing domestic violence. In a number of hospitals, physicians and nurses are screening expectant mothers for domestic violence during the time of delivery, which is usually late for screening because in most cases, domestic violence takes place earlier (Estrellado, 2010). It is significant to for health institutions to implement a plan of screening expectant women during the prenatal visits, and give them necessary interventions. Such interventions include education about domestic violence and providing the expectant mothers with information on local resources like domestic violence centers and shelters. Expectant women should obtain a nu mber of resources, such as shoe cards and Domestic Violence Survivor’s Guide from health institutions (Estrellado, 2010). The shoe cards bear the phone numbers and names of the local agencies that are resourceful to domestic violence victims. These cards also bear information concerning safety measures. Domestic

A Quick Look at Castiglione and Cellini Life Essay Example for Free

A Quick Look at Castiglione and Cellini Life Essay Lawrence in his book Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, stated that Early sixteenth-century Renaissance culture was a study in contrasts. The period not only marked a time when some of the most refined artistic accomplishments were achieved, it was also a period of great social upheaval(332). In fact, there were many outstanding artists at that time, among them were Castiglione known for their philosophy of life and Cellini the first artist who really lived his own life. Castiglione was a well-rounded man with chivalry spirit as the author described He was a versatile man a person of profound leaning, equipped with physical and martial skills, and possessed of a noble and refined demeanor(332). The fact that he well-educated and aristocratic, he worked at the Urbino court from 1504 to 1506 and decided to write The Courtier that took him dozen years. According to the book he wrote, a true gentlemen should have brain and have adequate knowledge about history but the most important thing is do not rely in Christian. He also mentioned in his book about how to refined courtesy because when we redefined courtesy, we can clean the court. A cleaned court leads to a clean country. In addition, a well-rounded person according to Castiglione should do all thing sprezzatura means behavior in which every action is do not with effort and though about it. The influence of his book mainly impacted to the upper classes that taught what gentlemen should be. He imagined a courtiers world is a world very wealthy and aristocratic. Cellini was a talented Florentine goldsmith and sculptor whose life, frankly chronicled, was a seemingly never-ending panorama of violence, intrigue, quarrel, sexual excess, egotism, and political machination(333). He lived a period of religious, political, social and military. He was the first artist ever frankly tell about his personal life at this period. In contrast with Castiglione who wrote The Courtier, Cellinis life was very normal, he did whatever he want, he dared to love and do not care how public criticized him. In short, Cellini did not consider the most talented sculptors and nobody can deny his skill as a craftsman. An airy look of Castiglione and Cellini show us the contrast in humans way of life. In one hand, Castiglione was seemed to be perfect but in my point of view, his imaginary world was hard to be reach. In the other hand, I like Cellini who was a normal guy with his own talent. Life is short and maybe he knew it and he dated to do unusual thing despite of public opinion. Work cited:Lawrence Cunningham and John Reich, Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.

Relationship Between Nel And Sula in Toni Morrisons Sula Essay

Often in nature organisms rely on one another to survive. Relationships in which each partner gives equally are called symbiotic. The two partners live harmoniously along side one another depending on each other but still have the ability to stand and act alone should they need to. However, these perfect relationships do not always exist. Sometimes, certain organisms take more than they give and as a result the other organism suffers. Those that do this are called parasites. In Toni Morrison's novel, Sula, Sula Peace and Nel Wright demonstrate a symbiotic relationship gone awry. The two start off learning from each other and giving to each other equally, but as they spend more time together Sula seems to thrive and Nel seems to wither away. The relationship does not continue in this manner for Nel realizes that in order to survive she must remove Sula from her life and reverse the negative effect of their relationship. Using the relationship that she develops between Nel and Sula, Morrison implies that codependence can be compromising to oneself, suggesting that if one cannot stand on their own the result will be fatal. The relationship between Nel and Sula begins during their adolescent years. Though they are complete opposites, they seem to work well with each other, depending on one another for comfort and support. The two spend almost all of their time together, learning from one another and growing as a result. They take solace in the presence of one another, finding comfort in what the other finds bothersome and using the lifestyle of the one another to compensate for their shortcomings. When Sula first visits Nel's home, "Nel, who regarded the oppressive neatness of her home with dread, felt comf... ...ly, but surly, die. There are only two possible outcomes yielded by a parasitic relationship: the death of the host or the death of the parasite. In the case of Sula and Nel the latter is what results. Realizing that Sula was doing nothing but taking, Nel decides to end their relationship. Without it, Sula is left feeble and on the brink of death. In the absence of her host she has nothing to depend on for she has never learned to live and stand on her own. Even after Sula draws her last breath her thoughts are still with Nel. In the case of Sula, Morrison uses death as an extreme consequence of dependency. When looking at the characteristic differences between the two she seems to suggest that one must be able to stand alone before they can support anyone else. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. Sula. 1973. New York: Vintage International, 2004.

Camel Rider Story

Sometimes the characters in a story are trying to get away from something. In other stories they may be trying to find something. Are the characters in Camel Rider running away from something or trying to find something. Characters running away or trying to find something occurs in most stories. Camel rider combines both as each character is doing something different. There are 2 main characters in Camel rider, two boys, one called Adam who is from Australia and one called Walid who was sold as a slave by his parents then got abandoned.Many many stories have characters running away or trying to find something. The characters have reasons why they run away/find something. The characters in most stories run away since they’re scared or somebody is chasing them. Finding something would mean that the characters have some relation to it and it is important. The â€Å"something† could be someone or an object. Most stories there is a complication such as they’re lost, s eeking revenge, scared or afraid. Come on Walid! † I scream â€Å"we’ve got to get out of here† Adams quote from Camel rider. In this situation they are running away from a Gang. In Camel Rider Adam is trying to find Abudai and his dog Tara, Adam is lost but soon bumps into another kid called Walid who is lost and running away. They do not understand each other due to the fact they don’t know each others languages but join Adams journey to find Abudai. Overtime they get to know about each other.A gang soon attack them causing them to change from finding Abudai to running away. After hijacking a car they stop running away and continue finding Abudai. They go through obstacles and succeeded in finding Abudai. â€Å"we’re lost† I say to Walid. â€Å" I don’t know which way it is to Abudai from here† Adam is lost finding his way to Abudai but Walid helps him. Overall, I believe that the characters are trying to find something in thi s circumstance. They succeeded just like many other characters in many other stories.

Modernity and Classical Sociology Theory Essays - 1855 Words

Paul de Man once said, â€Å"Modernity exists in the form of a desire to wipe out whatever came earlier, in the hope of reaching at least a point that could be called a true present, a point of origin that marks a new departure.† But what is he really trying to say? Modernity takes out the old and brings in the new, continually upgrading to something else? Modernity appears as a concept of change. It most commonly refers to the social conditions, processes, and discourses resulting from the Age of Enlightenment. The concept of modernity captures the progress of societies, from primitive civilizations, which evolved gradually through discrete stages, reaching a modern age characterized by industrialization and capitalism, concluding in the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles† (Marx, pg. 96), explains that all history displays society as a constant battle between the well off and the have not s. We see the oppressor and oppressed in constant opposition to each other. This fight is sometimes hidden and sometimes open. However, each time the fight ends in either a revolutionary reconstruction of society or in the classes common ruin. Therefore, the system of socialism would be ushered in and gradually evolve into pure communism, or a classless society. This pushed forward change within the society. Emile Durkheim saw modernity in terms of a rising division of labor. By division of labor, he meant specialized economic activity which led to a division of human solidarity. Because modernity was characterized by high division of labor, interaction in separated groups formed resulting in problems of social integration. Durkheim’s solution to this problem was one form of solidarity: organic. Durkheim talks about two different solidarities which characterized societies: mechanical and organic. He saw a shift from mechanical solidarity to organicShow MoreRelatedThe Changin g Meanings Of Religion975 Words   |  4 PagesThe research article: The changing meanings of religion. Sociological theories of religion in the perspective of the last 100 years was written by Irena Borowik and published on March 2011. The purpose of this article is to discuss the conceptual framework for defining religion from a sociological perspective. The target population the article is geared towards is†¦... Borowik begins the article by talking about how the views on religion were diverse due to the fast-changing society in the secondRead MorePolitical Sociology Reading List And Rationale855 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical Sociology Reading List and Rationale The purpose of this comprehensive exam is to give me an opportunity to demonstrate mastery over relevant debates, theories, and empirical findings in the major issues of political sociology. I will also examine theoretical and empirical approaches to classic and contemporary fundamental questions of political sociology. My primary goal here is to learn how to think critically like a political sociologist and be able to understand and use the major conceptsRead MoreSociology Emile Durkheim and Max Weber1495 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different perspectives on the growth of modernity. Society is constantly changing as more time passes by. People like Emile Durkheim and Max Weber both offer their own individual perspective on how the growth of modernity came about and how we have come to understand today’s society. In the 1890s period Emile Durkheim a sociologist, in France watched the transformation of society go from a ‘primitive’ stance into something mo re complex also known as ‘organic solidarity’. Max WeberRead MoreThe Recent Engagement Of Contemporary Islamic Thought With Modernity875 Words   |  4 PagesContemporary Islamic Thought Dr. Ermin Sinanovic Reflection Paper The Recent Engagement of Contemporary Islamic Thought with Modernity in the West Modernization theory has been one of the master theoretical narratives to understand the major institutional and cultural transformation from traditional societies to modern ones. It was developed by the founders of sociology and has dominated the widespread understanding and explanations of many social differentiation processes including rationalizationRead MoreIslamic Modernism : A Multiple Modernities Perspective1611 Words   |  7 PagesIslamic Modernism in the West: A Multiple Modernities Perspective Introduction and background Modernization theory has been one of the master theoretical narratives to understand the major institutional and cultural transformation from traditional societies to modern ones. It is developed by the founders of sociology and has dominated the prevalent understanding and explanations of many social differentiation processes including differentiation, rationalization, individualization, urbanization, andRead MoreThe Rationalization of the South African Society638 Words   |  3 PagesModernity revolves around the rational application of scientific method to certain aspects of life. This could be done through the development of governmental regulations, bureaucratic observation, and the erosion of traditional values (Beck, Lash Giddens, 1997). New thought processes and the increase in the application medicine and technology have played important roles in the concept of rationalism (Bilton et al, 2002). The character of modern society could be defined by rationalism (MacionisRead M oreThree Disciplines1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Three Disciplines all appeal to me in some ways, but if I had to choose between anthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. PsychologyRead MoreRules And Regulation Of A Bureaucratic Organization Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesrules has negative impact on other employees, who are working together to achieve the same goals. Rules and regulations have the utmost importance in any organization. Max Weber (1864-1920), is known as the father of the bureaucratic management theory. A bureaucratic organization is the type of management, which has a hierarchical structure of command. B ureaucratic organization works using formal rules. These rules are often known as standard operating procedures (SOP). The application of theseRead MoreIs Classical Sociology Still Relevant Today? Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesChoose any one concept or argument developed within classical sociology. Critically evaluate the use made of this concept or argument by contemporary sociology in trying to understand a current social issue This essay looks at the argument taken from a classical sociologist called Weber, throughout this essay it explains rationalization and how it has become modernized using Ritzer to explain this by demonstrating his McDonaldization theory. The theory will be clarified by contemporary sociologists byRead MoreKarl Marx And Alienation ( 2000 )1034 Words   |  5 Pagesand Alienation (1,800 – 2,000 words) Introduction about Marx (1818 – 1883): mention the materials that are going to be used to back up your points (minimum of 5 scholarly materials) Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) was a German theorist who had taken the theory of alienation into consideration. He was also involved in communist party in Germany, trying to overthrow the class system. Marx had been banished from Germany for his critical thinking, and moved to England where he had become a communist. Marx had